Description Of Cadmium
Product name:Cadmium
Density:8.65 g·cm−3
Melting point: 594.22 K, 321.07 °C, 609.93 °F
Product description:
Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a by-product of zinc production. Cadmium was for a long time used as pigment and for corrosion resistant plating on steel. Cadmium compounds were used to stabilize plastic.
Characteristics:
Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic, bluish-white bivalent metal. It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms more complex compounds.
What is Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Similar to zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and similar to mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have partly filled d or f electron shells in the elemental or common oxidation states. The average concentration of cadmium in the Earth’s crust is between 0.1 and 0.5 parts per million (ppm). It was discovered in 1817 simultaneously by Stromeyer and Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in zinc carbonate.
Cadmium occurs as a minor component in most zinc ores and therefore is a byproduct of zinc production. It was used for a long time as a pigment and for corrosion resistant plating on steel while cadmium compounds were used to stabilize plastic. With the exception of its use in nickel–cadmium batteries and cadmium telluride solar panels, the use of cadmium is generally decreasing in its other applications. These declines have been due to competing technologies, cadmium’s toxicity in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations.Although cadmium has no known biological function in higher organisms, a cadmium-dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in marine diatoms.
How to Avoid Cadmium Poisoning
Cadmium is a silvery metal that is a byproduct of the refining of zinc, copper and lead. It is mainly used in batteries, solder, and plating of metal, but recent tests have shown that cadmium is used in jewelry imported for children. This jewelry for little girls is mainly imported from China.
There are some cadmium in cigarettes, and some in the ground, but this new danger to children should be avoided, since cadmium accumulates in the body like lead poisoning, and the results are much more severe.
From:http://www.mining-mining.com/products/Cadmium-telluride-/
Description Of Tungsten powder
Product name:Tungsten powder
CAS: 7440-33-7
Molecular Formula: W
Molecular weight: 183.8 g/mol
Description:Tungsten powder is used as a filler material in plastic composites, which are used as a nontoxic substitute for lead in bullets, shot, and radiation shields.
From:http://www.cpd-cpd.com/Metal-evaporation-materials/Tungsten-powder-/
Information of Cryolite
Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate) is an uncommon mineral identified with the once large deposit at Ivigt?t on the west coast of Greenland, depleted by 1987.
It was historically used as an ore of aluminium and later in the electrolytic processing of the aluminium-rich oxide ore bauxite (itself a combination of aluminium oxide minerals such as gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore). The difficulty of separating aluminium from oxygen in the oxide ores was overcome by the use of cryolite as a flux to dissolve the oxide mineral(s). Pure cryolite itself melts at 1012 °C (1285 K), and it can dissolve the aluminium oxides sufficiently well to allow easy extraction of the aluminium by electrolysis. Considerable energy is still required for both heating the materials and the electrolysis, but it is much more energy-efficient than melting the oxides themselves. Now, as natural cryolite is too rare to be used for this purpose, synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride is produced from the common mineral fluorite.
From:http://www.cpd-cpd.com/Ceramic-evaporation-materials/Cryolite/
How to sync Outlook with a Palm Tungsten E2
If you use Outlook for mail on your computer, you can configure the Palm Tungsten E2 to sync automatically with Outlook on your desktop. The E2 uses the Palm HotSync Manager to synchronize information from your computer to your portable device. In HotSync Manager is a mail called VersaMail. Set up VersaMail to synchronize with Outlook and email will be transferred from the computer E2. You will need to use the Windows operating system to synchronize your data.
Double-click the Palm HotSync Manager icon to launch the Palm synchronization. HotSync is in the taskbar near the system clock. If HotSync is not installed on your computer, insert the installation CD software that came with your E2. During the installation wizard, choose the button “Synchronize your device with Microsoft Outlook and Palm Desktop.”
From:http://www.cpd-cpd.com/Metal-evaporation-materials/Tungsten-powder-/
Description Of Ceruloplasmin
Product Name:Ceruloplasmin
Specification: 1mg
Description :It is an enzyme (EC 1.16.3.1) synthesized in the liver containing 6 atoms of copper in its structure. Ceruloplasmin carries about 70% of the total copper in human plasma while albumin carries about 15%. The rest is accounted for by macroglobulins. Albumin may be confused at times to have a greater importance as a copper carrier because it binds copper less tightly than ceruloplasmin. Ceruloplasmin exhibits a copper-dependent oxidase activity, which is associated with possible oxidation of Fe2+ (ferrous iron) into Fe3+ (ferric iron), therefore assisting in its transport in the plasma in association with transferrin, which can carry iron only in the ferric state. The molecular weight of human ceruloplasmin is reported to be 151kDa.
From:http://www.biochemical-bc.net/biochemical-reagent/Ceruloplasmin/
Function of Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.
Ceruloplasmin is the major copper-carrying protein in the blood, and in addition plays a role in iron metabolism. It was first described in 1948.[4] Another protein, hephaestin, is noted for its homology to ceruloplasmin, and also participates in iron and probably copper metabolism.
It is an enzyme (EC 1.16.3.1) synthesized in the liver containing 6 atoms of copper in its structure. Ceruloplasmin carries about 70% of the total copper in human plasma while albumin carries about 15%. The rest is accounted for by macroglobulins. Albumin may be confused at times to have a greater importance as a copper carrier because it binds copper less tightly than ceruloplasmin. Ceruloplasmin exhibits a copper-dependent oxidase activity, which is associated with possible oxidation of Fe2+ (ferrous iron) into Fe3+ (ferric iron), therefore assisting in its transport in the plasma in association with transferrin, which can carry iron only in the ferric state. The molecular weight of human ceruloplasmin is reported to be 151kDa.
How to Diagnose Wilson’s Disease
Having a blood test to analyze your level of ceruloplasmin, a protein that contains six copper atoms per molecule. Low ceruloplasmin point to copper toxicity, but this test is not sufficient to diagnose Wilson’s disease. Some people have low levels of ceruloplasmin but not Wilson’s disease.
Give a blood sample to measure both the total concentration of copper in the blood and the level of copper not bound to ceruloplasmin.
Evaluate the concentration of copper in urine by collecting your urine for 24 hours. The laboratory will provide a sterile container and measure the amount of copper that you excrete in this period. This information can help your doctor to rule out or diagnose Wilson’s disease.
From:http://www.biochemical-bc.net/biochemical-reagent/Ceruloplasmin/
zypzyx
greenstoneswiss.com 